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Product Overview
Duplex 2304 studs are high-strength, corrosion-resistant fasteners manufactured from UNS S32304 duplex stainless steel bar or rod, conforming to ASTM A276 and ASTM A479. This alloy features a balanced dual-phase microstructure of austenite and ferrite, delivering superior mechanical strength (min. 620 MPa tensile) and enhanced resistance to stress corrosion cracking compared to standard austenitic grades.
With a PREN of 26-28, Duplex 2304 studs are widely specified for bolted joints in chloride-bearing environments, including seawater, chemical process piping, and desalination plants. Their low nickel content makes them a cost-effective alternative to 316L and 2205 for moderate corrosion applications, while maintaining excellent weldability and toughness down to -50°C.
| Material | Duplex 2304 |
| UNS Number | S32304 |
| DIN Number | 1.4362 |
| Material Standard | ASTM A276 / ASTM A479 |
| Stud Standard (Metric) | DIN 976 / DIN 975 / ISO 898-1 |
| Stud Standard (Inch) | ASME B16.5 / ASME B18.31.2 |
| Thread Form | ISO Metric / UNC / UNF |
| Diameter Range | M6-M72 / ¼"-3" |
| Tensile Strength | 620 MPa (90 ksi) min |
| Yield Strength | 450 MPa (65 ksi) min |
| Hardness | Max 290 HB |
Complete the Fastener Set
Technical Data
| Size (M) | Pitch (mm) | Thread Length (mm) | Min L (mm) | Max L (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M6 | 1.0 | 18 | 20 | 2000 |
| M8 | 1.25 | 22 | 25 | 2000 |
| M10 | 1.5 | 26 | 30 | 2000 |
| M12 | 1.75 | 30 | 35 | 2000 |
| M16 | 2.0 | 38 | 40 | 2000 |
| M20 | 2.5 | 44 | 50 | 2000 |
| M24 | 3.0 | 54 | 60 | 2000 |
| M30 | 3.5 | 66 | 70 | 2000 |
| M36 | 4.0 | 78 | 80 | 2000 |
| M42 | 4.5 | 90 | 90 | 2000 |
| M48 | 5.0 | 102 | 100 | 2000 |
| M56 | 5.5 | 114 | 120 | 2000 |
| M64 | 6.0 | 126 | 130 | 2000 |
| M72 | 6.0 | 138 | 140 | 2000 |
| Standard | Covers | Thread |
|---|---|---|
| DIN 976 | Fully threaded studs | Metric |
| DIN 975 | Threaded rods | Metric |
| ASME B16.5 | Stud bolts for flanges | UNC |
| ASME B18.31.2 | Continuous thread studs | UNC/UNF |
| ISO 898-1 | Mechanical properties | Metric |
| Material Standard | Requirement |
|---|---|
| ASTM A276 | Bar/rod - UNS S32304 |
| ASTM A479 | Fastener bar - S32304 |
| ASTM A193 B8M Class 1 | Stud mechanical |
| EN 10204 3.1 | Mill test certificate |
| EN 10204 3.2 | TPI-witnessed MTC |
Material Chemistry
| Element | Composition (%) |
|---|---|
| Chromium (Cr) | 21.5-24.5% |
| Nickel (Ni) | 3.0-5.5% |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.05-0.6% |
| Nitrogen (N) | 0.05-0.20% |
| Manganese (Mn) | 2.5% max |
| Silicon (Si) | 1.0% max |
| Carbon (C) | 0.03% max |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.04% max |
| Sulphur (S) | 0.015% max |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance |
Fastener Performance
| Stud Size | Dry (Nm) | Lubricated (Nm) | Clamp Load (kN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| M12 | 80 | 64 | 30 |
| M16 | 180 | 144 | 60 |
| M20 | 350 | 280 | 95 |
| M24 | 600 | 480 | 140 |
| M30 | 1200 | 960 | 225 |
| M36 | 2100 | 1680 | 325 |
| M42 | 3200 | 2560 | 440 |
| M48 | 4700 | 3760 | 600 |
Industry Applications
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